Page 929 - Proceedings Collega2023

Kata kunci: Muzium, tapak bersejarah, hubungkait persekitaran, peranan dan fungsi muzium

This study posits that improving the quality of the museum setting can help overcome the

challenges of sustaining and ensuring the functionality of local museums. Nevertheless, this study delves
deeper into the examination of the historical aspect, old city landmarks, and natural environment, along
with their influence on the attention of tourists and the sociocultural community. While extensive study
has been conducted on the sustainability of museums, the majority of these studies have generally
concentrated on managerial and marketing aspects. Inadequate and limited research has been carried
out on the subject of empowering museums situated on historic sites. In order to ascertain whether the
implementation of four local museums housed in heritage sites is consistent with the strategy of museums
that have been successfully conserved, particularly Angkor Wat and Borobudur, preliminary research was
conducted on the museums. In order to accomplish this goal, two primary objectives were formulated:
firstly, to ascertain the extent to which museums in heritage sites are empowered in terms of spatial
planning and the provision of facilities that enhance the museum's role; and secondly, to analyse the
challenges and barriers encountered by four local museums situated in heritage sites. This study utilized
document analysis techniques and examined publications on the strategy and sustainability of museums
in Borobudur and Angkor Wat. The study identified three key strategies that might potentially be
implemented in the four local museums that were analysed. The study's findings suggest that the three
main strategies are strongly linked to the provision of comprehensive infrastructural facilities, the
conservation of the original physical landscape character, and the active participation of the local
population. As per the third core principle outlined in the National Cultural Policy (DAKEN), it is crucial to
preserve and conserve cultural heritage in order to maintain the high aesthetic worth of national
treasures. This study aims to provide guidance in addressing the challenge of sustaining the physical
condition of museums, which serve as significant cultural centres.

Keywords: museum in heritage sites, heritage sites, environmental relations, role, and function of
museums
Pengenalan

ICOM (International Council of Museum) (2022), mendefinisikan muzium sebagai sebuah institusi
yang tidak mengaut keuntungan, namun lebih mengutamakan sebagai pusat atau institusi yang tetap
untuk memberi khidmat nasihat kepada orang ramai sebagai sebuah tempat yang memperoleh dan
mendapat ilmu pengetahuan menerusi proses penyelidikan dan kajian, dengan cara menyebar dan
mempamer, serta menyimpan dan memelihara bahan-bahan khazanah sejarah dan warisan budaya bagi
sesebuah negara dan turut menekankan tujuan pengkajian melalui pendidikan dan pameran yang boleh
dimanfaat dan menyeronokkan di samping berfungsi sebagai bahan-bahan bukti manusia dan alam
persekitarannya.

Menurut Jabatan Muzium Malaysia, anggaran jumlah bilangan muzium di seluruh Malaysia adalah
kira-kira 150 buah muzium dengan diklasifikasikan kepada muzium persekutuan, muzium negeri, muzium
institusi atau jabatan, muzium swasta dan muzium persendirian. Setiap muzium yang dibina mempunyai
objektif penubuhannya yang tersendiri dengan berpaksikan pada kekuatan koleksi yang amat tinggi nilai
sejarahnya. Jenis dan mutu muzium juga biasanya dapat dilihat melalui koleksinya di mana intinya
merupakan benda terpenting dalam bidangnya. Muzium sejarah merupakan antara muzium yang terkenal

International Conference on Local Wisdom of the Malay Archipelago (COLLEGA 2023) Page - 916 -