Page 924 - Proceedings Collega2023

Figure 4
Calligraphers in action during the survey session at the Calligraphy and Jawi Division

in Yayasan Restu, Shah Alam, Selangor

The calligraphers’ feedback on the ink performance on European handmade paper is presented
in Table 4 respectively. On average, they gave “FAIR” rating scores for the ink performance on European
handmade paper. In terms of flowability, they found that the ink does not flow well on European paper
and fall in the rating no.2 (see Fig.5). The ink received higher ratings under the “smell” category (average
of 3.6 and 3 respectively). On the other hand, the ink received the lowest score for its “permanency”. This
criterion has been evaluated by rubbing the ink using finger or eraser (see Fig.6) immediately upon writing.
Certainly, the ink would not be rated higher since the ink drying time was around 2-3 minutes based on
the earlier analysis.

Table 4
Calligrapher’s ratings on the ink performance on the European handmade paper
Category R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Average
Colour on paper 2 2 2 2 2 2

Smell 5 3 3 4 3 3.6
Flowability (Ink’s flow) 2 2 2 2 2 2

Viscosity (ink’s fluidity) 2 2 2 2 1 1.8

Drying rate 3 2 2 1 2 2
Permanency 1 3 1 1 2 1.6

Texture of the ink 1 3 2 2 1 1.8

Rating scale: 5 = Excellent; 4 = Good; 3 = Satisfactory; 2 = Fair; 1 = Poor

International Conference on Local Wisdom of the Malay Archipelago (COLLEGA 2023) Page - 911 -