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formulated ink was also tested by professional calligraphers of Malaysia, and they suggested improving
on the ink’s flowability and drying time. Thousands of Malay manuscripts in the British Library’s
collections, mostly written in carbon black ink, could not have been survived if not due to the quality,
permanency, and durability of the Malay traditional ink. The initiative of this work, the first of its kind,
shall pave the way for other similar efforts and eventually restore the legacy of the traditional Malay black
ink.
Acknowledgement
The highest appreciation is extended to The Islamic Manuscript Association (TIMA) for the funding
allocation provided and the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) for awarding us the Research
Fundamental Grant Scheme (FRGS) 2018 with registration number FRGS/1/2018/WAB02/UIAM/03/1.
Indeed, the allocation for this study is very important to facilitate the researchers in conducting the
proposed study. This expression of appreciation is also directed to all parties involved, especially the
Calligraphy Unit management at Yayasan Restu, for their excellent cooperation throughout the data
collection process.

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