Page 921 - Proceedings Collega2023

Table 4
Modified black ink formulations

Component T1R1 Ex1R1 Ex2R1 Ex3R1 Ex2aR1 Ex2bR1
(original
recipe)
Lamp 2 g 4 g 4 g 4 g 4 g 4 g
black/soot

Mangosteen 2 g 4 g 4 g 4 g 4 g 4 g
charcoal

Cashew gum 1 g 4 g 2 g 8 g 2 g 2 g

Black pepper 0.5 g 1 g 1 g 1 g 2 g 3 g

Virgin 0.5 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml
coconut oil

Salt 0.1 g 0.2 g 0.2 g 0.2 g 0.3 g 0.5 g

Distilled 100 ml 100 ml 100 ml 100 ml 100 ml 100 ml
water

Take note that the Ex1R1, Ex2R1 and Ex3R1 formulations only differ in the cashew

gum content, while the Ex2R1, Ex2aR1 and Ex2bR1 formulations differ in their additives (black pepper
and salt) contents.

The writing test results using various ink formulations are presented in Table 5. The writing test
was conducted using freshly prepared ink. Among Ex1R1, Ex2R1 and Ex3R1 ink formulations, only Ex2R1
ink flew smoothly out from the pen. Both Ex1R1 and Ex3R1 inks flaked out and turned powdery once dried.
On the other hand, among the Ex2R1, Ex2aR1 and Ex2bR1 ink formulations, Ex2aR1 ink seemed unsuitable
because the formulation turned watery and appeared pale black. This observation is consistent with the
previous sedimentation test. In the test, it was noted that the sedimentation layer formed was thin and
dense while the solvent layer was thick. It was likely that the carbon pigments flocculated and formed
deposits. Thus, the ink became watery, and its intensity reduced. Both Ex2R1 and Ex2bR1 inks flew out
smoothly from the pen but the dense black colour of Ex2bR1 ink appeared glossier.

International Conference on Local Wisdom of the Malay Archipelago (COLLEGA 2023) Page - 908 -