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language, identity, culture, and local wisdom. The teachers need more skills and techniques to develop
their students' language skills because Patani Malay is close to Standard Malay making the students
confused about the language.

The community researchers comprising community leaders, Imams, directors of tadika, teachers,
local scholars, and community members from Ban Benaepeenae and Ban Benaebadae communities in
Yarang District, Pattani Province who want to solve the problems, consequently cooperated to start the
research project using the community-based research (CBR) method referred to as "Tadika Cemerlang"
(tadika jerd-jarat-meaning the brilliance of tadika), which aims to revitalize the language and culture
identity and local wisdom of Patani Malay people via teaching management for tadika with community
participation at Ban Benaepeenae and Ban Benaebadae communities in Yarang District, Pattani Province.
This article presents the processes and results of revitalizing identity, language, and local wisdom
at tadika in Pattani, Thailand.

Literature Review

This article focuses on two concepts, notably the identity of Patani Malay people and the Mother
Tongue-Based and bilingual education program (MTB-BE) concept, consisting of lesson planning, teaching
methods, and instructional materials development.

Identities of Patani Malay people

Vignoles (2017) refers to identity as related to the answer people give to the question “who are
you?”. This question may be posed explicitly or implicitly, at a personal or a collective level, to others or
oneself. Schools of thought within the identity literature emphasize personal or social contents and
personal or social processes. Identity is linked to language, religion, traditions, ceremonies, beliefs, food,
and local wisdom, which can be reconstructed or changed according to changes of environment and social
context.

Some Thai scholars have studied the identity of the Patani Malay people of southern Thailand. The
identity of the Patani Malay people concludes three characteristics:
1) The name they are referred to by others: The Study titled “Patani Malay: Ethnicity, Identity and
Changing” (Baru et al., 2007) found that both groups of Patani Malay people, one group living in a
community with robust Patani Malay identity and the other group living in a community with loose Patani
Malay identity, understood and accepted the word "Oghe Siyae" (Thai people) used by Thai-Buddhists or
Malay-Muslims in Malaysia. On the other hand, the same word had a different meaning along the border
in Thailand, referring instead to Thai Buddhists.
Another important finding was that a community with a robust Patani Malay identity where Patani
Malay Muslims were the majority living together with a Thai Buddhist minority, would feel that their
culture was the primary culture of the community. Muslims were respected by their Thai Buddhist friends
as both groups had learned from each other and practiced freely according to their own religious beliefs.
On the other hand, these communities with a robust Patani Malay identity where all were of Malay
ethnicity tended to be very sensitive when government policy tried to change to loosen the strength of
Patani Malay identity either in the community with or without Thai Buddhists. Many people would think
that the government was trying to change their identity and culture.

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