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Table 2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of skim latex serum (Kongjan et al., 2014; Sama

et al., 2014).

Parameters Unit Concentrations
pH - 4.8 – 5.0
Chemical oxygen demand; COD g/L 29.2 – 35.8
Total nitrogen g/L 5.1 – 5.2
Proteins g/L 7.6 – 7.7
Carbohydrates g/L 0.6 – 5.1
Total solid; TS g/L 41.3 – 49.7
Total volatile solid; VS g/L 38.0 – 43.5
Sulfate g/L 0.3 – 3.6
Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO 3 56 - 553

Fig. 2.1 Process involved in concentration of natural rubber latex using centrifugation method

(Adapted from Taweepreda, 2013).