Page 440 - Proceedings Collega2023

Art Making Process

The art-making process is a creative journey that artists go through to conceptualize,
design, and create their works of art. It is a deeply personal and often iterative process that can
vary significantly depending on the medium, style, and individual artist. Here's a general
overview of the art- making process. The Art Making process has been applied in the
performance of the Dayung Borih in gawai ritual by the process of preparation before, during
and after the gawai ritual. Finally, the Dayung Borih gets to go to the afterlife on the last night.
one by one as they ascended a ladder and carried on dancing. They would falter and collapse
after reaching their climax.Their spirits have already ascended to the spiritual realm when they
passed away. Red plants are placed next to ladders once the ceremony is finished.
Ritualization

Ritualization refers to the process of formalizing, structuring, or creating rituals. Rituals
are a set of prescribed actions, behaviors, or ceremonies that are performed in a specific and
often repetitive manner. These rituals can serve a variety of purposes, such as religious or
spiritual observance, cultural expression, social bonding, or personal routines. Ritualization
involves the establishment of rituals, whether they are new or modifications of existing ones,
and the development of their associated symbols, rules, and practices. In this circumstances,
The Gawai ritual follows a carefully prescribed sequence of actions and ceremonies. These
actions are carried out in a specific order, often beginning with the lighting of the ceremonial
lamp (antu pala). The sequence may also include the offering of agricultural products, the
recitation of prayers, and the partaking of traditional food and drinks. The order and timing of
these actions are meticulously observed and this ritual is performed by Tuai rumah which is the
longhouse chief and Dayung Borih as the mediators.

Data Collection

Annah Rais Longhouse is situated at No.71, Kampung Annah Rais, Jalan Borneo 81 High
countries, Padawan, Kota Padawan, 93250, Kuching, Sarawak. From University Malaysia Sarawak
(UNIMAS), it is about 38 km away. By car, the journey from UNIMAS to Annah Rais Longhouse
was roughly 83 to 50 minutes. Padawan is located according to different longitudes , Bau (Singai
& Jagoi). Back in the olden days, the dayak Bidayuh believe that Dayung Borih is known as to
make a ceremony that fits with custom or religion known as spiritual ladies. Those who know
how they relate to the spiritual world and is the closest to the spiritual world, hey know
everything about rituals. They can be chosen from descendants of ancestors. For example, her
grandmother is a Dayung Borih, it will be passed down from generation to generation to their
female children. However, after Christianity was introduced in Annah Rais, the culture died as
almost everyone had embraced their respective religions. Based on the head of the village, Mr
James said that It is to belief that when gawai rituals are held, no one is allowed to enter the
village. Other devices are prohibited. Anyone who violates the taboo will be fined in the form of
payment and offering for the ritual. Gawai “panggah” are known to be one ritual that have too
many taboos to follow.

On the 13th May 2023, an interviewed was held at Kampung Annah Rais together with
Muk Bibien about dayung Borih. However, according to Muk Bibien as the one and only left
Dayung Borih in Kampung Annah Rais said that dayung Borih can be defined as a woman who
handles any customs related to the race. For example, opening an official ceremony such as
harvesting. The post-harvest party ceremony, they have a very important role in the event to
support activities related to the post- harvest customs. During the ritual, it is believed that
International Conference on Local Wisdom of the Malay Archipelago (COLLEGA 2023) Page - 427 -