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Figure 7

Props produced using hand-made craft techniques based on newspaper. (Mohd Kamil Zulkepeli, 2023)

Research Methodology

Absolutely, case study research often involves a combination of different forms of evidence to
provide a comprehensive understanding of a particular phenomenon or case. Yin (2018) suggested that
six forms of evidence, including documentation, archival records, interviews, direct observations,
participant observations, and physical artefacts, can be utilized in case study research. Each of the six forms
of evidence are listed as documentation, archival records, interviews, direct observations, participant
observations and also physical artefacts. Documentation includes any written or recorded information
related to the case, such as reports, memos, emails, letters, or other written materials. Documentation is
valuable for understanding the historical context and can provide insights into decision-making processes.
The archival records are historical records that have been preserved over time, such as official documents,
newspapers, photographs, or manuscripts. Archival records can provide rich historical data that can help
researchers analyse changes over time. Researchers conduct interviews with individuals who have
knowledge or experience related to the case. Interviews can be structured (using a predetermined set of
questions) or unstructured (open-ended discussions), and they provide valuable insights, personal
perspectives, and context. Direct observations method involves researchers observing the case or
phenomenon in its natural setting. It can provide real-time data and a deeper understanding of how things
work in practice. Researchers often use checklists or field notes to record their observations. In participant
observation, researchers actively immerse themselves in the case by becoming part of the environment
they are studying. This method allows for a more in-depth understanding of the social and cultural aspects
of the case but may require a longer time commitment. Physical artefacts are tangible objects or materials
related to the case, such as artifacts, tools, products, or physical structures. Analysing physical artifacts
can provide insights into technology, design, or material culture associated with the case.

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