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coward may be raised to frightful vengeance if he has been abused before others.” (Swettenham, Frank.
2006/0037515 Journal for 7 August to 3 September 1875. Journal Entry 22 August 1875. Pages 57&58).
xxix “Last night he (Imam Prang Mahomed) frightened Raja Yaacob’s women by talking of ‘amoking’. So
the Sultan thinks it best to send him out of the country.” (Swettenham, Frank. 2006/0037515 Journal for
7 August to 3 September 1875. Journal Entry 13 August 1875. Pages 31&32).
“I (Frank Swettenham) have been told that the other day a Patani man amoked in Raja Allang’s house
near Gunong Pondok the man lifted up his trousers to avoid the mud. Allang called to him and said he
must pay a fine of $100, ad he at the same time took the man, his wife and two children, who were with
him on their way to Larut, into his house till the fine should be paid… I heard this first at Blanja,
afterwards at Senggang, and now here.” (Swettenham, Frank. 2006/0037517 Journal for 23 October to 4
November 1875. Journal Entry 30 October 1875. Pages 17 & 18).
xxx “The Malays will keep the same undying hate for abuse or a blow as long as they are Malays. The
veriest coward may be raised to frightful vengeance if he had been abused before others.” (Swettenham,
Frank. 2006/0037515 Journal for 7 August to 3 September 1875. Journal Entry 22 August 1875. Pages 57
&58).
xxxi Imam Prang Mahomed frightened Raja Yaacob’s women by talking of ‘amoking’ because he refused to
pay a fine, the Sultan of Selangor thought best to send Imam Prang Mahomed away (Swettenham, Frank.
2006/0037515 Journal for 7 August to 3 September 1875. Journal Entry 13 August 1875. Pages 31&32).
xxxii To the Muhammadan Malays he looks to his Raja as the ruling authority. In addition, the Malay Chief
gives sanction (3 February 1875) upon the departure of a resident to the other places, without the
approval there is no safety and protection from the Malay Chief to the departing people.
xxxiii “…He (Raja Jusof) said ‘no one can be the Sultan in Perak without the Regalia.’” (Swettenham, Frank.
2006/0037510 Journal for 15 January to 6 February 1875. Journal Entry 27 January 1875. Page 23).
xxxiv The Kelantan Malay Muhammadan women move freely like men – mind the shops, deal with
customers, weave silk sarongs and are equal to their male counterpart in hard labour of carrying things,
marketing, and field-labour (Swettenham, F. A. (1912) Also and Perhaps “Malay Sports.”. London: The
John Lane the Bodley Head Ltd. Page 278).
xxxv Malay Pawang (medicine man) has the nose to detect mines.

xxxvi “In the course of the enquiry I (Frank Swettenham) asked Sheikh Mat Alli to tell the Sultan and those
present whether it was according to Mahommedan law, or ‘adat Melayu,’ to in any case allow the creditor
to take the persons of the debtors, and he said distinctively it was not. In this case the debtors made a
voluntary agreement, only there had been certain difficulties in the carrying of it out. Toh Dagang seemed
aggrieved at the idea of no slave debtors, asking what was to be done when money had been advanced
and the debtors could not pay.” Frank Swettenham. Journal for 7 August to 3 September 1875. Journal
Entry 12 August 1875.
xxxvii The Malay Nautch began their performance with raising their hands in a ‘sembah’ or submission to
the audience with consisted of the Royal Malay family. During the dance, the girls were possesd by the
hantu menari (Swettenham, F. A. 2006/0037512. Daily Journal Entries by Frank Athelstane Swettenham
describing his Expedition to Perak, Selangor, Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan, and Patani in Thailand, 17
April 1875 to 22 July 1875. Journal Entry 25 May 1875. Page 39-41).

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