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Muslim Civilisation therefore, deserve to receive treatment as a Muslim civilisation with their own
culture. Thus, the readers are advised to read the documents in the Swettenham Papers for facts and
interpret using the framework of De-Westernisation, i.e., the Islamization of Contemporary Knowledge;
according Wan Daud (2013) which is, “a process returning to the metaphysical worldview, epistemic
framework, and ethical and legal principals of Islam.” This framework of Islamization of Contemporary
xli
Knowledge was created by Professor Al-Attas. Another means of interpreting history in accordance with
Al-Attas is making Islam the compass in Malay history where the coming of Islam becomes the determiner
of change in the civilisation, the main concept in history should be self-identity and self-consciousness,
and thirdly, the Malay historiography is based upon the worldview of Islam. It is to be reiterated, that the
Swettenham Papers which resides in the National Archives of Malaysia is a worthy primary source for
local wisdom, which records the creativity of the Malay people and is an effort to sustain the Malay
civilization, albeit from a colonial perspective.
The author wishes to acknowledge the committee of the “International Conference on Local
Wisdom in the Malay Archipelago: Creativity and Sustainability,” for providing a platform to share the
wealth of knowledge contained in the Swettenham Papers.
References

Al-Attas, S. M. N. (2011) Historical Fact and Fiction. Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta’zim: UTM Press.

Al-Attas, S. M. N. (2014) Islam and Secularism. Third Impression. Kuala Lumpur: IBFIM.
Barlow, H. S. (1995) Swettenham. Kuala Lumpur: Southdene.

Birch, J.W.W. (1874). It is a Journal of a Visit to the Native States of Selangor and Perak in March and April
1874. . Retrieved from the National Archives of Malaysia, The Swettenham Papers,
(2006/0037501, S.P.12/4 originally item number 78, Writings).

Chew, E. (1966). Sir Frank Swettenham’s Malayan Career Up to 1896 (Unpublished Ph.D.
thesis). University of Singapore.

Clarke, A. (18 June 1875). [This is a handwritten letter from Sir Andrew Clarke to Sultan Abdul Samad
seeking the Sultan’s approval for the appointment of Frank Swettenham as Assistant Resident of
Selangor, dated 18 June 1875. There are two copies of transliteration in the Malay Language and
Roman script is enclosed. Retrieved from the National Archives of Malaysia, The Swettenham
Papers, (2006/0037513, S.P. 12/16, original item number 54, Correspondence).

Denisova, T. (2020). Sumber Historiografi Alam Melayu: Koleksi Peribadi John Bastin. Kuala Lumpur, Kuala
Lumpur: The National Library of Malaysia.
Jantan, A. Forward by. (1970). The Swettenham Papers (SP. 12). Kuala Lumpur: The National Archives of
Malaysia.

Swettenham. F.A., (1874). Journal from 23 January to 27 February 1874. Retrieved from the National
Archives of Malaysia, The Swettenham Papers, (2006/0037500, S.P. 12/3, Manuscript).

Swettenham. F.A., (1874). Journal to Perak 4 April to 4 May 1874. Retrieved from the National Archives of
Malaysia, The Swettenham Papers, (2006/0037502, S.P.12/5, original item number 81.
Manuscript).

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