Page 731 - Proceedings Collega2023

Results and Discussions

According to a semi-structured interview and non-participant observation conducted at Kampung
Pulau Duyong, it was discovered that the local communities are embedded with strong indigenous wisdom
as they are always looking for the opportunity to fully utilise the social spaces using different social
networks with various activities to generate and enhance their social capital sustainability. They are
interacting and developing social networks with each other despite the differences among the actors. This
study reveals that social spaces such as jetty, riverside, house compound and warung foster social capital
at three levels of ties, which are: (1) bonding social capital, (2) bridging social capital and (3) linking social
capital as shown in Table 1. The practice of good social networks rooted in their lives, provide new
information, knowledge, and financial resources, which eventually establish the social capital
sustainability of the actors as they found the same ground to attain similar objectives.

Table 1

The Category of Social Capital

Category of Social Capital Actors Social Spaces

Bonding social capital Family members and House compound
neighbours
Riverside/jetty
Friends & peers
Warung

Bridging social capital Independent support group Riverside/jetty

Individuals Kota Lama Duyong

Institutions

NGO

Linking social capital Government agencies Riverside/jetty
Kota Lama Duyong

Bonding Social Capital

The data showed the presence of two groups of actors that were connected through bonding social capital.
The first group consists of family members and neighbours, while the second group includes friends and
peers. One of the most significant social spaces for actors to interact and communicate with one another
is the house compound, as it is influenced by the layout of the houses as shown in Figure 3. The fact that
every house was constructed in close proximity to one another explained why the locals were so close to
each other, as the areas between the houses served as social spaces for them.

International Conference on Local Wisdom of the Malay Archipelago (COLLEGA 2023) Page - 718 -