Page 1079 - Proceedings Collega2023

under three garden orders: the watering order, the planting order, and the lodgement (man-made) order.
These orders are considered essential elements for evaluating the physical characteristics of Islamic
gardens, with each order emphasizing variables associated with Islamic garden design.

The checklist has been designed to serve as a reference for the site studies conducted in the
Andalusian garden. Among the historically significant Islamic gardens, the Andalusian garden is regarded
as one of the most successful designs. This garden flourished during the peak of Muslim civilization. As a
result, three gardens within the Andalusian garden tradition have been selected for site studies. These
chosen gardens are the Alcazar Palace in Seville (S1), the Alcazar Palace in Cordoba (S2), and the Alhambra
in Granada (S3).

Figure 1

Site Studies S1, S2 and S3

These gardens have been chosen based on their historical background and cultural influences related to
the Islamic garden concept. The checklist serves as a reference for evaluating and examining existing
Islamic garden designs, enabling a comparison between theoretical and empirical findings. The study's
results contribute to the enhancement of the checklist and highlight the crucial variables associated with
Islamic gardens. The checklist is regarded as a significant initial step in assessing the original characteristics
of Islamic gardens before transforming the concept into a garden design.

In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the National Landscape Department
(NLD) to gauge the extent of the implementation of the Islamic garden concept in Malaysia. These
interviews aimed to understand the significance of adapting this concept within the country and its
relevance in a multicultural society. Three individuals from the department were interviewed for this study,
identified as NLD1, ND2, and ND3.

Result and Discussion
This section addresses two key aspects: the historical evolution of the Islamic garden within the

context of Muslim civilization and the physical characteristics of the garden, categorized into three garden
orders, namely the watering order, the planting order, and the lodgement order. The findings are
substantiated by the semi-structured interview conducted with the National Landscape Department. The
interview session highlighted three crucial factors: the extent of implementation of the Islamic garden

International Conference on Local Wisdom of the Malay Archipelago (COLLEGA 2023) Page 1066