Page 913 - Proceedings Collega2023

REVEALING MALAY WISDOM:

TRADITIONAL BLACK INK PRODUCTION AND ITS CULTURAL

SIGNIFICANCE

2
1
1
Rajabi ABDUL RAZAK , Nawal MASH’AL , Mukhtaruddin MUSA
1 Department of Applied Arts and Design, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design,
International Islamic University Malaysia
2 Yayasan Strategik Lestari, Cyberjaya, Selangor
1 rajabirazak@iium.edu.my
1 nawalmashal94@gmail.com
2 mukhtaruddin@yayasanstrategiklestari.my

ABSTRACT

This study delves into the indigenous practices of Malays in crafting traditional black ink through
the utilization of locally sourced natural resources. Traditionally, ink production has been intimately tied
to the availability of natural materials within specific localities. In this pursuit, a specific black ink recipe,
originating from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, takes centre stage in this exploration. The ink,
designed as a water-based formulation, encapsulates three essential components: a colorant derived from
soot and mangosteen charcoal, an adhesive harnessed from cashew gum exudate extracted from the bark
of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale), and supplemental additives including black pepper, salt, and
virgin coconut oil. The method used to reproduce the selected Malay traditional black ink, a simple OFAT
(one-factor-at-a-time) method was adopted to screen the optimum composition of colouring agent,
adhesive and additive. In order to simulate the historical context of early Malay manuscripts, the ink's
compatibility with the European handmade paper was assessed, rendering it as the preferred substrate or
writing medium. Further examination involving a panel of expert calligraphers who rigorously tested the
formulated ink. In summation, this study contributes empirical validation to the enduring legacy of Malay
traditional black ink, substantiating its quality, longevity, and permanence. The study underscores the
intricate relationship between indigenous wisdom, cultural heritage, and the art of traditional ink
production within the Malaysian context.

Keywords: indigenous wisdom; Malay legacy; natural resources; traditional

International Conference on Local Wisdom of the Malay Archipelago (COLLEGA 2023) Page - 900 -