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institutional contexts. In the study done by Syarifahnursyazaaina et al., (2021), In examining interactions
and good behavior within Malaysian society, they have framed the theme of tolerance in understanding
this matter and in one of their findings suggested that if society is consistently educated to be tolerant
and mindful of their decisions, achieving unity and harmony within the country becomes a feasible goal.
This matter is not surprising because tolerance and good manners are naturally present and are at the
core of religion, especially Islam. For the Chinese community, the influence of Confucius is quite strong.
Despite experiencing various socio-political pressures and changes, Confucian beliefs and concepts can
be considered synonymous with the Chinese community. His school of thought has great influence in the
development of social value in the Chinese community until today since it has been introduced
(Muhammad Umar Riaz Abbasi et al., 2023). The understanding of this matter from the original Indian
perspective is rather unique. This is because the societal system in native Indian communities is based on
a caste system, and its socio-economic structure is intricately linked to these castes. In term of good
manners, tolerance, the Indian have a unique blend of temple ritual, caste, gender, and human and
divine kinship behaviour (Good, 2000). Based on our examination, it becomes evident that the principles
of good conduct and tolerance are deeply ingrained in the histories of all major communities in Malaysia.
Thus, this unity should not only reinforce but also facilitate the realization of shared aspirations and the
elevation of 'budi' as a common value. In the following section, we will delve into how the intersection of
social contention and 'budi' can be explored.

Social Contentions, social media and “budi”

Social contention refers to the conflicts, disputes, and disagreements that arise within the
context of society and social interactions. It encompasses a wide range of issues and debates that occur
among people within a particular community or society. These contentions can take various forms, such
as debates over public policies, clashes between different cultural or ideological groups, or disputes over
resources and power. Social contentions are an intrinsic part of any diverse and dynamic society,
shedding light on the complexities of human interaction, the diversity of perspectives, and the ongoing
process of societal development. They often serve as catalysts for change, challenging existing norms and
pushing societies to confront and address issues that require resolution or compromise. Based on the
works of Adam et al., (2001) the contention is the moment of conflict which consist of based on are two
kinds of behaviours: one that's restrained and another that's more rebellious. The different types of
conflicts, like protests, revolutions, strikes, and more, all happen because of similar reasons and
processes. In simpler terms, different types of conflicts have some things in common, and they can be
either peaceful or rebellious.
Social contention refers to the conflicts, disputes, and disagreements that arise within the
context of society and social interactions. It encompasses a wide range of issues and debates that occur
among people within a particular community or society. These contentions can take various forms, such
as debates over public policies, clashes between different cultural or ideological groups, or disputes over
resources and power. Social contentions are an intrinsic part of any diverse and dynamic society,
shedding light on the complexities of human interaction, the diversity of perspectives, and the ongoing
process of societal development. They often serve as catalysts for change, challenging existing norms and
pushing societies to confront and address issues that require resolution or compromise. Based on the
works of Adam et al., (2001) the contention is the moment of conflict which consist of based on are two
kinds of behaviours: one that's restrained and another that's more rebellious. The different types of
conflicts, like protests, revolutions, strikes, and more, all happen because of similar reasons and

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