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In general, the most significant limitation is the teachers’ inexperience and lack of
integrated education skills, partly due to the limited time they can allocate to EESD.
Another barrier is the decoupling between EESD inside educational institutions and EESD
outside the educational institutions, which results in the discontinuity and disconnection

between school-based EESD and the family’s and communities’ way of life.

Several government agencies have undertaken EESD activities, e.g. those under
the Ministries of Education, and Energy. In the business sector, large corporations have
shown interest in EESD and have begun to apply various international environmental
standards in their operation. Some environmental NGOs that are directly involved in
EESD have accumulated a vast array of knowledge, skills and experience. Most

environmental NGOs are not directly engaged in EESD, but exhibit good potentials to
support its development, provided that there is some coordination and networking
mechanism among a great number of diverse groups and some financial support.
Some local administrative organizations have been able to apply EESD in their
environmental work, but most of them need technical support. As for the media sector,
business conditions have led to a reduced coverage of environment news in mainstream
media. While alternative media are playing an increasingly important role, their impact is
not broad-based and, in the long run, they may encounter limitations in terms of their
knowledge base, staff and budgets.

EESD Development in Thailand

A SWOT analysis shows that EESD development in Thailand is still at a nascent
stage. Various agencies and organizations have some background and are in a position

to become active contributors, provided that certain major weaknesses – the lack of
institutional structure, knowledge management and coordination among stakeholders are
successfully addressed. Threats are negligible and therefore manageable. Hence, the
first priority should be given to EESD institutional development to allow EESD to develop
further from existing strengths.

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